Which part of the eye is primarily responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain?

The retina is the part of the eye primarily responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain. This thin layer of tissue lines the back of the eye and contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones. These cells convert light that enters the eye into electrical signals. The signals created by the photoreceptors are then processed by other nerve cells within the retina before being sent via the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation. This is a critical step in the visual process, as the brain relies on the information provided by the retina to create the images we perceive.

While the cornea, iris, and lens are important for focusing light and controlling the amount of light that enters the eye, they do not have a direct role in transmitting visual information to the brain. The cornea is responsible for the majority of the eye's optical power, the lens fine-tunes the focus, and the iris regulates the size of the pupil to control light entry, but it is the retina that is key in the transformation of light into a signal that the brain can understand.