Which part of the eye is primarily involved in color vision?

The part of the eye that is primarily involved in color vision is the cones. Cones are photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, which correspond to different colors. Humans typically have three types of cones, each sensitive to either red, green, or blue light. This trichromatic vision allows us to perceive a wide range of colors by combining the signals from these three types of cones.

Rods, in contrast, are responsible for vision in low light conditions, but they do not contribute to color vision. The vitreous body is the jelly-like substance that fills the eye and helps maintain its shape, but it does not play a role in color perception. The ciliary muscle is involved in adjusting the shape of the lens for focusing but is also not related to color vision. Thus, cones are crucial for enabling our ability to see and differentiate between different colors.